True or False: Biofilm can protect Legionella bacteria from disinfection efforts.

The assertion that biofilm can protect Legionella bacteria from disinfection efforts is accurate. Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces in moist environments, such as plumbing systems. Within these biofilms, bacteria like Legionella can be shielded from harsh environmental conditions, including disinfection chemicals.

When Legionella is embedded in a biofilm, it is encapsulated by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This matrix creates a physical barrier that prevents disinfectants from effectively penetrating and reaching the bacteria. Furthermore, biofilm bacteria can enter a dormant state where they are less susceptible to disinfection agents. As a result, biofilms can significantly decrease the efficacy of typical disinfection methods, making it more challenging to control and eliminate Legionella in water systems.

The other options address specific conditions or limitations that do not accurately encompass the broader context of biofilm's protective capabilities against disinfection efforts. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective Legionella management and control strategies in plumbing systems.