Why is it important to control water temperature in domestic water systems?

Controlling water temperature in domestic water systems is crucial for minimizing the risk of Legionella growth. Legionella bacteria thrive in warm water, typically between 77°F (25°C) and 113°F (45°C), with optimal growth occurring at 95°F (35°C) to 115°F (46°C). By keeping water temperatures outside this range, particularly by maintaining hot water systems at or above 140°F (60°C) and ensuring cold water temperatures remain below 68°F (20°C), the likelihood of Legionella proliferation is significantly reduced. This temperature management is a key component of an effective Legionella water management program, which aims to protect public health by preventing potential outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of pneumonia caused by inhaling aerosolized water containing Legionella bacteria.